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【Python】获得进程内存使用量的脚本
作者:人生如歌 / 发布于2015/7/17/ 804

	#!/usr/bin/env python

	# Try to determine how much RAM is currently being used per program.
	# Note per _program_, not per process. So for example this script
	# will report RAM used by all httpd process together. In detail it reports:
	# sum(private RAM for program processes) + sum(Shared RAM for program processes)
	# The shared RAM is problematic to calculate, and this script automatically
	# selects the most accurate method available for your kernel.

	# Licence: LGPLv2
	# Author: P@draigBrady.com
	# Source: http://www.pixelbeat.org/scripts/ps_mem.py

	# V1.0 06 Jul 2005 Initial release
	# V1.1 11 Aug 2006 root permission required for accuracy
	# V1.2 08 Nov 2006 Add total to output
	# Use KiB,MiB,... for units rather than K,M,...
	# V1.3 22 Nov 2006 Ignore shared col from /proc/$pid/statm for
	# 2.6 kernels up to and including 2.6.9.
	# There it represented the total file backed extent
	# V1.4 23 Nov 2006 Remove total from output as it's meaningless
	# (the shared values overlap with other programs).
	# Display the shared column. This extra info is
	# useful, especially as it overlaps between programs.
	# V1.5 26 Mar 2007 Remove redundant recursion from human()
	# V1.6 05 Jun 2007 Also report number of processes with a given name.
	# Patch from riccardo.murri@gmail.com
	# V1.7 20 Sep 2007 Use PSS from /proc/$pid/smaps if available, which
	# fixes some over-estimation and allows totalling.
	# Enumerate the PIDs directly rather than using ps,
	# which fixes the possible race between reading
	# RSS with ps, and shared memory with this program.
	# Also we can show non truncated command names.
	# V1.8 28 Sep 2007 More accurate matching for stats in /proc/$pid/smaps
	# as otherwise could match libraries causing a crash.
	# Patch from patrice.bouchand.fedora@gmail.com
	# V1.9 20 Feb 2008 Fix invalid values reported when PSS is available.
	# Reported by Andrey Borzenkov <arvidjaar@mail.ru>
	# V3.3 24 Jun 2014
	# http://github.com/pixelb/scripts/commits/master/scripts/ps_mem.py

	# Notes:
	#
	# All interpreted programs where the interpreter is started
	# by the shell or with env, will be merged to the interpreter
	# (as that's what's given to exec). For e.g. all python programs
	# starting with "#!/usr/bin/env python" will be grouped under python.
	# You can change this by using the full command line but that will
	# have the undesirable affect of splitting up programs started with
	# differing parameters (for e.g. mingetty tty[1-6]).
	#
	# For 2.6 kernels up to and including 2.6.13 and later 2.4 redhat kernels
	# (rmap vm without smaps) it can not be accurately determined how many pages
	# are shared between processes in general or within a program in our case:
	# http://lkml.org/lkml/2005/7/6/250
	# A warning is printed if overestimation is possible.
	# In addition for 2.6 kernels up to 2.6.9 inclusive, the shared
	# value in /proc/$pid/statm is the total file-backed extent of a process.
	# We ignore that, introducing more overestimation, again printing a warning.
	# Since kernel 2.6.23-rc8-mm1 PSS is available in smaps, which allows
	# us to calculate a more accurate value for the total RAM used by programs.
	#
	# Programs that use CLONE_VM without CLONE_THREAD are discounted by assuming
	# they're the only programs that have the same /proc/$PID/smaps file for
	# each instance. This will fail if there are multiple real instances of a
	# program that then use CLONE_VM without CLONE_THREAD, or if a clone changes
	# its memory map while we're checksumming each /proc/$PID/smaps.
	#
	# I don't take account of memory allocated for a program
	# by other programs. For e.g. memory used in the X server for
	# a program could be determined, but is not.
	#
	# FreeBSD is supported if linprocfs is mounted at /compat/linux/proc/
	# FreeBSD 8.0 supports up to a level of Linux 2.6.16

	import getopt
	import time
	import errno
	import os
	import sys

	try:
	 # md5 module is deprecated on python 2.6
	 # so try the newer hashlib first
	 import hashlib
	 md5_new = hashlib.md5
	except ImportError:
	 import md5
	 md5_new = md5.new

	# The following exits cleanly on Ctrl-C or EPIPE
	# while treating other exceptions as before.
	def std_exceptions(etype, value, tb):
	 sys.excepthook = sys.__excepthook__
	 if issubclass(etype, KeyboardInterrupt):
	 pass
	 elif issubclass(etype, IOError) and value.errno == errno.EPIPE:
	 pass
	 else:
	 sys.__excepthook__(etype, value, tb)
	sys.excepthook = std_exceptions

	#
	# Define some global variables
	#

	PAGESIZE = os.sysconf("SC_PAGE_SIZE") / 1024 #KiB
	our_pid = os.getpid()

	have_pss = 0

	class Proc:
	 def __init__(self):
	 uname = os.uname()
	 if uname[0] == "FreeBSD":
	 self.proc = '/compat/linux/proc'
	 else:
	 self.proc = '/proc'

	 def path(self, *args):
	 return os.path.join(self.proc, *(str(a) for a in args))

	 def open(self, *args):
	 try:
	 return open(self.path(*args))
	 except (IOError, OSError):
	 val = sys.exc_info()[1]
	 if (val.errno == errno.ENOENT or # kernel thread or process gone
	 val.errno == errno.EPERM):
	 raise LookupError
	 raise

	proc = Proc()

	#
	# Functions
	#

	def parse_options():
	 try:
	 long_options = ['split-args', 'help', 'total']
	 opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], "shtp:w:", long_options)
	 except getopt.GetoptError:
	 sys.stderr.write(help())
	 sys.exit(3)

	 if len(args):
	 sys.stderr.write("Extraneous arguments: %s\n" % args)
	 sys.exit(3)

	 # ps_mem.py options
	 split_args = False
	 pids_to_show = None
	 watch = None
	 only_total = False

	 for o, a in opts:
	 if o in ('-s', '--split-args'):
	 split_args = True
	 if o in ('-t', '--total'):
	 only_total = True
	 if o in ('-h', '--help'):
	 sys.stdout.write(help())
	 sys.exit(0)
	 if o in ('-p',):
	 try:
	 pids_to_show = [int(x) for x in a.split(',')]
	 except:
	 sys.stderr.write(help())
	 sys.exit(3)
	 if o in ('-w',):
	 try:
	 watch = int(a)
	 except:
	 sys.stderr.write(help())
	 sys.exit(3)

	 return (split_args, pids_to_show, watch, only_total)

	def help():
	 help_msg = 'Usage: ps_mem [OPTION]...\n' \
	 'Show program core memory usage\n' \
	 '\n' \
	 ' -h, -help Show this help\n' \
	 ' -p <pid>[,pid2,...pidN] Only show memory usage PIDs in the specified list\n' \
	 ' -s, --split-args Show and separate by, all command line arguments\n' \
	 ' -t, --total Show only the total value\n' \
	 ' -w <N> Measure and show process memory every N seconds\n'

	 return help_msg

	#(major,minor,release)
	def kernel_ver():
	 kv = proc.open('sys/kernel/osrelease').readline().split(".")[:3]
	 last = len(kv)
	 if last == 2:
	 kv.append('0')
	 last -= 1
	 while last > 0:
	 for char in "-_":
	 kv[last] = kv[last].split(char)[0]
	 try:
	 int(kv[last])
	 except:
	 kv[last] = 0
	 last -= 1
	 return (int(kv[0]), int(kv[1]), int(kv[2]))

	#return Private,Shared
	#Note shared is always a subset of rss (trs is not always)
	def getMemStats(pid):
	 global have_pss
	 mem_id = pid #unique
	 Private_lines = []
	 Shared_lines = []
	 Pss_lines = []
	 Rss = (int(proc.open(pid, 'statm').readline().split()[1])
	 * PAGESIZE)
	 if os.path.exists(proc.path(pid, 'smaps')): #stat
	 digester = md5_new()
	 for line in proc.open(pid, 'smaps').readlines(): #open
	 # Note we checksum smaps as maps is usually but
	 # not always different for separate processes.
	 digester.update(line.encode('latin1'))
	 if line.startswith("Shared"):
	 Shared_lines.append(line)
	 elif line.startswith("Private"):
	 Private_lines.append(line)
	 elif line.startswith("Pss"):
	 have_pss = 1
	 Pss_lines.append(line)
	 mem_id = digester.hexdigest()
	 Shared = sum([int(line.split()[1]) for line in Shared_lines])
	 Private = sum([int(line.split()[1]) for line in Private_lines])
	 #Note Shared + Private = Rss above
	 #The Rss in smaps includes video card mem etc.
	 if have_pss:
	 pss_adjust = 0.5 # add 0.5KiB as this avg error due to trunctation
	 Pss = sum([float(line.split()[1])+pss_adjust for line in Pss_lines])
	 Shared = Pss - Private
	 elif (2,6,1) <= kernel_ver() <= (2,6,9):
	 Shared = 0 #lots of overestimation, but what can we do?
	 Private = Rss
	 else:
	 Shared = int(proc.open(pid, 'statm').readline().split()[2])
	 Shared *= PAGESIZE
	 Private = Rss - Shared
	 return (Private, Shared, mem_id)

	def getCmdName(pid, split_args):
	 cmdline = proc.open(pid, 'cmdline').read().split("\0")
	 if cmdline[-1] == '' and len(cmdline) > 1:
	 cmdline = cmdline[:-1]

	 path = proc.path(pid, 'exe')
	 try:
	 path = os.readlink(path)
	 # Some symlink targets were seen to contain NULs on RHEL 5 at least
	 # https://github.com/pixelb/scripts/pull/10, so take string up to NUL
	 path = path.split('\0')[0]
	 except OSError:
	 val = sys.exc_info()[1]
	 if (val.errno == errno.ENOENT or # either kernel thread or process gone
	 val.errno == errno.EPERM):
	 raise LookupError
	 raise

	 if split_args:
	 return " ".join(cmdline)
	 if path.endswith(" (deleted)"):
	 path = path[:-10]
	 if os.path.exists(path):
	 path += " [updated]"
	 else:
	 #The path could be have prelink stuff so try cmdline
	 #which might have the full path present. This helped for:
	 #/usr/libexec/notification-area-applet.#prelink#.fX7LCT (deleted)
	 if os.path.exists(cmdline[0]):
	 path = cmdline[0] + " [updated]"
	 else:
	 path += " [deleted]"
	 exe = os.path.basename(path)
	 cmd = proc.open(pid, 'status').readline()[6:-1]
	 if exe.startswith(cmd):
	 cmd = exe #show non truncated version
	 #Note because we show the non truncated name
	 #one can have separated programs as follows:
	 #584.0 KiB + 1.0 MiB = 1.6 MiB mozilla-thunder (exe -> bash)
	 # 56.0 MiB + 22.2 MiB = 78.2 MiB mozilla-thunderbird-bin
	 return cmd

	#The following matches "du -h" output
	#see also human.py
	def human(num, power="Ki", units=None):
	 if units is None:
	 powers = ["Ki", "Mi", "Gi", "Ti"]
	 while num >= 1000: #4 digits
	 num /= 1024.0
	 power = powers[powers.index(power)+1]
	 return "%.1f %sB" % (num, power)
	 else:
	 return "%.f" % ((num * 1024) / units)

	def cmd_with_count(cmd, count):
	 if count > 1:
	 return "%s (%u)" % (cmd, count)
	 else:
	 return cmd

	#Warn of possible inaccuracies
	#2 = accurate & can total
	#1 = accurate only considering each process in isolation
	#0 = some shared mem not reported
	#-1= all shared mem not reported
	def shared_val_accuracy():
	 """http://wiki.apache.org/spamassassin/TopSharedMemoryBug"""
	 kv = kernel_ver()
	 pid = os.getpid()
	 if kv[:2] == (2,4):
	 if proc.open('meminfo').read().find("Inact_") == -1:
	 return 1
	 return 0
	 elif kv[:2] == (2,6):
	 if os.path.exists(proc.path(pid, 'smaps')):
	 if proc.open(pid, 'smaps').read().find("Pss:")!=-1:
	 return 2
	 else:
	 return 1
	 if (2,6,1) <= kv <= (2,6,9):
	 return -1
	 return 0
	 elif kv[0] > 2 and os.path.exists(proc.path(pid, 'smaps')):
	 return 2
	 else:
	 return 1

	def show_shared_val_accuracy( possible_inacc, only_total=False ):
	 level = ("Warning","Error")[only_total]
	 if possible_inacc == -1:
	 sys.stderr.write(
	 "%s: Shared memory is not reported by this system.\n" % level
	 )
	 sys.stderr.write(
	 "Values reported will be too large, and totals are not reported\n"
	 )
	 elif possible_inacc == 0:
	 sys.stderr.write(
	 "%s: Shared memory is not reported accurately by this system.\n" % level
	 )
	 sys.stderr.write(
	 "Values reported could be too large, and totals are not reported\n"
	 )
	 elif possible_inacc == 1:
	 sys.stderr.write(
	 "%s: Shared memory is slightly over-estimated by this system\n"
	 "for each program, so totals are not reported.\n" % level
	 )
	 sys.stderr.close()
	 if only_total and possible_inacc != 2:
	 sys.exit(1)

	def get_memory_usage( pids_to_show, split_args, include_self=False, only_self=False ):
	 cmds = {}
	 shareds = {}
	 mem_ids = {}
	 count = {}
	 for pid in os.listdir(proc.path('')):
	 if not pid.isdigit():
	 continue
	 pid = int(pid)

	 # Some filters
	 if only_self and pid != our_pid:
	 continue
	 if pid == our_pid and not include_self:
	 continue
	 if pids_to_show is not None and pid not in pids_to_show:
	 continue

	 try:
	 cmd = getCmdName(pid, split_args)
	 except LookupError:
	 #operation not permitted
	 #kernel threads don't have exe links or
	 #process gone
	 continue

	 try:
	 private, shared, mem_id = getMemStats(pid)
	 except RuntimeError:
	 continue #process gone
	 if shareds.get(cmd):
	 if have_pss: #add shared portion of PSS together
	 shareds[cmd] += shared
	 elif shareds[cmd] < shared: #just take largest shared val
	 shareds[cmd] = shared
	 else:
	 shareds[cmd] = shared
	 cmds[cmd] = cmds.setdefault(cmd, 0) + private
	 if cmd in count:
	 count[cmd] += 1
	 else:
	 count[cmd] = 1
	 mem_ids.setdefault(cmd, {}).update({mem_id:None})

	 #Add shared mem for each program
	 total = 0
	 for cmd in cmds:
	 cmd_count = count[cmd]
	 if len(mem_ids[cmd]) == 1 and cmd_count > 1:
	 # Assume this program is using CLONE_VM without CLONE_THREAD
	 # so only account for one of the processes
	 cmds[cmd] /= cmd_count
	 if have_pss:
	 shareds[cmd] /= cmd_count
	 cmds[cmd] = cmds[cmd] + shareds[cmd]
	 total += cmds[cmd] #valid if PSS available

	 sorted_cmds = sorted(cmds.items(), key=lambda x:x[1])
	 sorted_cmds = [x for x in sorted_cmds if x[1]]

	 return sorted_cmds, shareds, count, total

	def print_header():
	 sys.stdout.write(" Private + Shared = RAM used\tProgram\n\n")

	def print_memory_usage(sorted_cmds, shareds, count, total):
	 for cmd in sorted_cmds:
	 sys.stdout.write("%9s + %9s = %9s\t%s\n" %
	 (human(cmd[1]-shareds[cmd[0]]),
	 human(shareds[cmd[0]]), human(cmd[1]),
	 cmd_with_count(cmd[0], count[cmd[0]])))
	 if have_pss:
	 sys.stdout.write("%s\n%s%9s\n%s\n" %
	 ("-" * 33, " " * 24, human(total), "=" * 33))

	def verify_environment():
	 if os.geteuid() != 0:
	 sys.stderr.write("Sorry, root permission required.\n")
	 if __name__ == '__main__':
	 sys.stderr.close()
	 sys.exit(1)

	 try:
	 kv = kernel_ver()
	 except (IOError, OSError):
	 val = sys.exc_info()[1]
	 if val.errno == errno.ENOENT:
	 sys.stderr.write(
	 "Couldn't access " + proc.path('') + "\n"
	 "Only GNU/Linux and FreeBSD (with linprocfs) are supported\n")
	 sys.exit(2)
	 else:
	 raise

	if __name__ == '__main__':
	 split_args, pids_to_show, watch, only_total = parse_options()
	 verify_environment()

	 if not only_total:
	 print_header()

	 if watch is not None:
	 try:
	 sorted_cmds = True
	 while sorted_cmds:
	 sorted_cmds, shareds, count, total = get_memory_usage( pids_to_show, split_args )
	 if only_total and have_pss:
	 sys.stdout.write(human(total, units=1)+'\n')
	 elif not only_total:
	 print_memory_usage(sorted_cmds, shareds, count, total)
	 time.sleep(watch)
	 else:
	 sys.stdout.write('Process does not exist anymore.\n')
	 except KeyboardInterrupt:
	 pass
	 else:
	 # This is the default behavior
	 sorted_cmds, shareds, count, total = get_memory_usage( pids_to_show, split_args )
	 if only_total and have_pss:
	 sys.stdout.write(human(total, units=1)+'\n')
	 elif not only_total:
	 print_memory_usage(sorted_cmds, shareds, count, total)

	 # We must close explicitly, so that any EPIPE exception
	 # is handled by our excepthook, rather than the default
	 # one which is reenabled after this script finishes.
	 sys.stdout.close()

	 vm_accuracy = shared_val_accuracy()
	 show_shared_val_accuracy( vm_accuracy, only_total )
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